Efficacy of Urine cytology in the Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital: comparism of cytology and histological findings.

Abstract

Introduction: Bladder cancer is a common urologic malignancy worldwide and second mostcommon genitourinary malignancy after prostate cancer. Diagnosis of bladder cancer indeveloping countries is challenging. Despite the varying results in detection rate of bladdercancer by using the urine cytology, the method can be used in developing countries such as Nigeria, where there are limited diagnostic facilities. Objective: The general objective of the study was to determine the efficacy of urine cytology in the diagnosis of bladder cancer, in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. Methods: It was a prospective descriptive study of 52 patients who consecutivelypresented with suspected bladder cancer and were recruited via the Urology outpatient unitand casualty unit over a period of one year. Fresh voided or catheter urine sample were takenfor cytological analysis. Cystoscopy was done and the findings were noted, multiple biopsieswere taken and sent  for  histological  analysis.  Results:  In  the  52 patients reviewed, the mean age was 55.6± 16.3. Male to female ratio ofM: F 4.2:1. The overall Sensitivity, Specificity and Accuracy of Urine cytology were 60.4%,100% and 63.5% respectively. The False negative rate was 39%. Urine cytology was found tobe effective in detecting bladder cancer, p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings from this study, Urine cytology is an effective method for evaluation of patients presenting with features suggestive of bladder cancer. Routine use of urine cytology as the initial  test  for  evaluating  patient  with  suspected bladder cancer is recommended.